翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of angiotensin receptor blockers ・ Discovery and development of antiandrogens ・ Discovery and development of beta-blockers ・ Discovery and development of beta2 agonists ・ Discovery and development of cephalosporins ・ Discovery and development of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of direct thrombin inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of gliflozins ・ Discovery and development of HIV-protease inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of integrase inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of memantine and related compounds ・ Discovery and development of neuraminidase inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of statins ・ Discovery and development of steroidal aromatase inhibitors ・ Discovery and development of triptans ・ Discovery and development of TRPV1 antagonists ・ Discovery and development of tubulin inhibitors ・ Discovery and exploration of the Solar System ・ Discovery and Launch ・ Discovery Arcade (Disneyland Paris) ・ Discovery Atlas ・ Discovery Aviation Model 201 ・ Discovery Bay ・ Discovery Bay (Antarctica) Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors ： ウィキペディア英語版 Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NtRTIs) began in the 1980s when the AIDS epidemic hit Western societies. NRTIs inhibit the reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that controls the replication of the genetic material of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first NRTI was zidovudine, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1987, which was the first step towards treatment of HIV. Six NRTI agents and one NtRTI have followed. The NRTIs and the NtRTI are analogues of endogenous 2´-deoxy-nucleoside and nucleotide. Drug-resistant viruses are an inevitable consequence of prolonged exposure of HIV-1 to anti-HIV drugs. == History == In the summer of 1981 the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first reported. Two years later the etiological link to AIDS, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was identified. Since the identification of HIV the development of effective antiretroviral drugs and the scientific achievements in HIV research has been enormous.〔 Antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV infections belong to six categories: Nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, entry inhibitors, co-receptor inhibitors and integrase inhibitors.〔 The reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 has been the main foundation for the development of anti-HIV drugs. The first nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor with in vitro anti-HIV activity was zidovudine. Since zidovudine was approved in 1987, six nucleosides and one nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) have been approved by FDA.〔 NRTIs approved by the FDA are zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir and emtricitabine and the only nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) approved is tenofovir (see table 4).〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.